Skygazers across the northern United States may have a rare opportunity to witness the northern lights tonight. Federal forecasters have issued an alert for a minor geomagnetic storm, which could push the colorful auroral displays much farther south than usual, making them potentially visible in 14 states.
The celestial event is caused by a high-speed stream of solar wind from the sun interacting with Earth's magnetic field. While sightings are never guaranteed, conditions are favorable for a potential light show beginning as soon as darkness falls on November 25 and continuing into the early hours of November 26.
Key Takeaways
- A minor (G1) geomagnetic storm is forecast for the night of November 25-26.
- The northern lights, or aurora borealis, may be visible in 14 states across the northern U.S.
- The phenomenon is caused by a high-speed solar wind stream from a coronal hole on the sun.
- Best viewing times are expected between 4 p.m. and 7 p.m. EST, and again from 10 p.m. to 1 a.m. EST.
- Clear, dark skies away from city lights are essential for the best chance of a sighting.
The Science Behind the Light Show
The anticipated auroral display is the result of activity on the sun's surface. A phenomenon known as a "coronal hole"—an area in the sun's upper atmosphere where the magnetic field opens up—has released a stream of high-speed solar wind. This stream of charged particles is currently traveling toward Earth.
When these particles collide with our planet's magnetosphere, they excite atoms and molecules in the upper atmosphere, primarily oxygen and nitrogen. As these particles return to their normal state, they release energy in the form of light, creating the vibrant, dancing curtains of green, pink, and purple we know as the aurora.
What is a G1 Geomagnetic Storm?
Geomagnetic storms are ranked on a scale from G1 (minor) to G5 (extreme). A G1 storm is the lowest level on the scale. While it can cause weak power grid fluctuations and have minor impacts on satellite operations, its most noticeable effect for the public is the potential to bring the aurora to lower latitudes.
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Space Weather Prediction Center is monitoring the event. They have indicated that Earth will remain under the influence of this fast solar wind through November 27, which could provide multiple opportunities for viewing over the next couple of nights if conditions remain favorable.
Where to Look for the Aurora
Forecasters have identified a view line that extends across the northern tier of the country. Residents in or near the following 14 states may have a chance to see the lights, provided they have clear skies and minimal light pollution.
States Within the Potential Viewing Area
The aurora could be visible on the northern horizon from parts of these states:
- Alaska
- North Dakota
- Minnesota
- Montana
- Maine
- Michigan
- Wisconsin
- South Dakota
- Vermont
- New Hampshire
- Idaho
- Wyoming
- Iowa
- New York
It is important to note that for states on the southern edge of this list, such as Iowa and New York, the aurora would likely appear as a faint glow low on the northern horizon rather than the dramatic overhead curtains seen in the far north.
Optimal Viewing Times and Conditions
Timing is crucial for catching a glimpse of the aurora. According to NOAA's forecast, the geomagnetic activity is expected to peak during two specific windows.
Peak Activity Forecast (EST)
First Window: 4 p.m. - 7 p.m. EST (21:00-00:00 GMT)
Second Window: 10 p.m. - 1 a.m. EST (03:00-06:00 GMT on Nov. 26)
While the first window begins before dark for many, activity can persist. The best chances will come after nightfall, especially during the later window. Aurora displays can be unpredictable and often occur in bursts, so patience is key.
"While the forecast is promising, auroras can be fickle. The best approach is to be prepared and patient, as the most intense displays can last for only a few minutes at a time."
Forecasters also stress that even with a strong geomagnetic storm, local weather is the ultimate deciding factor. Heavy cloud cover will obscure any potential display, so checking your local weather forecast for clear skies is the first step.
How to Increase Your Chances of Seeing the Lights
If you live in one of the designated states and have clear skies, following a few simple tips can significantly improve your chances of witnessing this natural wonder.
- Escape City Lights: The single most important factor is getting away from light pollution. Drive at least 20-30 miles away from any major town or city to find a truly dark location.
- Find a Clear Northern Horizon: The aurora will appear in the northern part of the sky. Find a spot with an unobstructed view to the north, such as a field, a lake, or a hilltop.
- Let Your Eyes Adjust: It takes about 30 minutes for your eyes to fully adapt to the darkness. Avoid looking at your phone screen or other bright lights during this time, as it will reset your night vision.
- Use Your Camera: Modern smartphone cameras are surprisingly good at picking up faint auroral light that may not be visible to the naked eye. If you think you see a faint glow, take a long-exposure photo to confirm.
- Dress Warmly: Aurora watching involves a lot of waiting in the cold. Dress in layers, wear a hat and gloves, and bring a warm drink to stay comfortable.
- Check Live Data: Use a reliable space weather app or website to monitor conditions in real-time. This can help you decide if it's worth heading out or staying out longer.
While the forecast is for a minor storm, stronger-than-expected conditions could push the lights even further south. Conversely, if the solar wind's magnetic field is not favorably aligned, the display could be weaker than anticipated or fail to materialize at all. For now, skywatchers in the northern U.S. have a hopeful evening ahead.